The purpose of the present work was to determine whether florfenicol (FFC) as the prominent broad-spectrum antibiotic could affect serum biochemical and immunological parameters, as well as immune-related genes expression in rainbow trout (55 ± 7.6 g) challenged with the Lactococcus garvieae and Streptococcus iniae. In the first trial, the doses of the pathogens for challenge test were determined based on LD50. The therapeutic dosage of the drug (15 mg.kg-1 BW for 10 consecutive days) was administrated as medicated feed. After anesthesia, blood and kidney samples were collected from individual fish and were kept in deep freezing mode until the beginning of the measurements. Serum biochemical and enzymatic indices were measured using commercial kits. Immune parameters including total immunoglobulin level, lysozyme, ACH50, respiratory burst (RB), and phagocytic activities (PA) and the expression of immune genes namely TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and IgM was evaluated. The levels of lysozyme and RB activities, as well as the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β genes, showed a significant increase in the FFC treated/infected fish compared to untreated diseased fish (P < 0.05). In contrast, serum total immunoglobulin and IgM-related genes expression were suppressed following drug administration represented by a significant reduction in untreated streptococcal infected fish compared to other treatments (P < 0.05). However, no significant effect of FFC was observed on serum ACH50 activity, PA values and IL-8-related gene expression (P > 0.05). These results demonstrated that FFC treatment could improve some physiological status including stress resistance and some liver function parameters, and much innate immunity was invigorated, but at the same time, the suppressive effects of FFC on acquainted immunity cannot be ignored.
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