B7-H3 on breast cancer cell MCF7 inhibits IFN-γ release from tumour-infiltrating T cells

B7-H3 is a type I membrane protein that has contradictory co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory effects in adaptive and anti-tumour immunity. B7-H3 is up-regulated in many malignant tumours, including breast cancer. Therefore, we hypothesise that B7-H3, which has an immunosuppressive role, suppresses anti-tumour immunity. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of B7-H3 in the tumor microenvironment in breast cancer, explore the possibility of B7-H3 as a target for clinical immunotherapy, and provide reference for clinical work. We knocked down B7-H3 with siRNA in MCF7 breast cancer cells, which we termed MCF7-B7-H3-KD cells, and the expression of B7-H3 was assessed by flow cytometry. GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) knockdown was used as a control (MCF7-Gapdh). MCF7-B7-H3-KD and MCF7-Gapdh cells were co-cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and CD3⁺ T cells from healthy donors to assess the effect of B7-H3 loss. PBMCs cultured with MCF7-Gapdh cells showed decreased activation, proliferation, and function of CD8⁺ T cells, but there was no effect on the proliferation of CD4⁺ T cells. However, when MCF7-B7-H3-KD cells were co-cultured with PBMCs, the proliferation ability of CD4⁺ T cells and CD8⁺ T cells was significantly higher than that observed in MCF7-Gapdh cell co-culture. Additionally, co-culture with MCF7-Gapdh cells decreased the expression of IFN-γ (Interferon-γ). However, after co-culture with MCF7-B7-H3-KD cells, there was an increase in IFN-γ. We further found that this inhibitory effect on IFN-γ was because of decreased mTOR (the mammalian target of rapamycin) phosphorylation in T cells. Treatment of T cells co-cultured with MCF7-B7-H3-KD cells with an mTOR inhibitor blocked the secretion of IFN-γ. B7-H3 on tumour cells inhibits the proliferation of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells and inhibits the release of IFN-γ by decreasing mTOR signalling. A better understanding of these complex immune regulatory mechanisms should facilitate the generation of more powerful and selective tools to manipulate cancer therapy.

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