Modulatory effect of the fermented Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua on the immune homeostasis and gut integrity in a dextran-sulfate-sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model

The gut health-promoting properties of Lactobacillus plantarum P9 fermented Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua (FP) rich in saponins were explored in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse model. FP supplementation effectively inhibited the DSS-induced physiological alteration and unbalanced immune responses via reducing DAI score and restoring T helper 1 (Th1) /Th2 as well as Treg/Th17 ratio. In addition, the intake of FP protected the gut barrier function against DSS-induced colitis damage by upregulating zonula occludens (ZO)-1 and occludin expression, while downregulating inflammatory cytokines expression, including IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-18, and GM-CSF. This study further elucidated the possible underlying mechanism was that the FP rich in saponins and other bioactive substances suppressed the plasticity of type 3 innate lymphoid (ILC)-3 cells and subsequent polarization of macrophage. Therefore, the FP supplementation effectively restored mucosal immune homeostasis and enhanced gut integrity. That contributed to suppressing the growth of Escherichia Shigella and Enterococcus, while promoting the enrichment of probiotics and short-chain fatty acid-producing microbiota such as Romboutsia, Faecalibaculum, and Blautia. According to our findings, the Lactobacillus plantarum P9 fermented P. cyrtonema Hua may be a promising dietary intervention to improve gut health by sustaining overall gut homeostasis and related gut integrity.

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