Clostridium butyricum Prevents Dysbiosis and the Rise in Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Hypertension is accompanied by dysbiosis and a decrease in the relative abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria. However, there is no report to examine the role ofC. butyricumin blood pressure regulation. We hypothesized that a decrease in the relative abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria in the gut was the cause of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)-induced hypertension.C. butyricumand captopril were used to treat adult SHR for six weeks.C. butyricummodulated SHR-induced dysbiosis and significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) in SHR (p< 0.01). A 16S rRNA analysis determined changes in the relative abundance of the mainly SCFA-producing bacteriaAkkermansia muciniphila,Lactobacillus amylovorus, andAgthobacter rectalis, which increased significantly. Total SCFAs, and particularly butyrate concentrations, in the SHR cecum and plasma were reduced (p< 0.05), whileC. butyricumprevented this effect. Likewise, we supplemented SHR with butyrate for six weeks. We analyzed the flora composition, cecum SCFA concentration, and inflammatory response. The results showed that butyrate prevented SHR-induced hypertension and inflammation, and the decline of cecum SCFA concentrations (p< 0.05). This research revealed that increasing cecum butyrate concentrations by probiotics, or direct butyrate supplementation, prevented the adverse effects of SHR on intestinal flora, vascular, and blood pressure.Keywords:Clostridium butyricum;butyrate;hypertension;short chain fatty acid;dysbiosis

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